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CAMBUSTION

Fast Emissions Instrumentation & Automotive Engineering Services

These are published papers reporting research and development conducted using Cambustion fast analysers, mostly by other organisations.

Atmospheric Dispersion and Wind-Tunnel Measurements

Direct Numerical Simulations and Experiments on a Stably Stratified Turbulent Boundary Layer Cambridge University Engineering Department 4th Intl. Symp. On Stratified flows, Grenoble, June 1994
Dispersion, Heavy gas, Wind tunnel, Concentration fluctuations TNO Environmental and Energy Research FLADIS TNO-IMET Data Report No. 1, Sept. 1992
Purging of closed end side-branches in natural gas facilities Nova Husky Research Corp. PD-Vol. 46, Pipeline Eng. 1992, ASME 1992
The Influence of an array of obstacles on plume dispersion DAMTP, Cambridge University
Repeat variability in instantaneously released heavy gas clouds - some wind tunnel model experiments Warren Spring Laboratory DTI Report LR 804 (PA), ISBN 0 85624 662 X
Vapour barrier assessment programme for delaying and diluting heavier-than-air HF vapour clouds CPP Inc J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., Vol 3, April 1990

Catalyst Applications

The Analysis of Gasoline Transient Emissions Behaviour Using Fast Response Gas Analysers Cambustion Ltd SAE 2007-26-015
The effective density and fractal dimension of particles emitted from a light-duty diesel vehicle with a diesel oxidation catalyst University of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd Aerosol Science 38 (2007) 69-82
A NOx Trap Study Using Fast Response Emissions Analysers for Model Validation Coventry University SAE 2006-01-0685
The Effect of Different Ageing Conditions on Spatial Variations in Emissions across the Radius of a Close-coupled Aftertreatment System Ford Motor Company & Cambustion Limited SAE 2005-01-1095
Effect of Catalyst Inlet Cone Flow Mal-Distribution on Emissions Performance of a Close-Coupled Catalytic Convertor Cambustion Limited & Ford Motor Company SAE 2004-01-1489
Mean-Value Model of the SCR System of a Mobile Application ETH 2002 IFAC
A Novel Technique to Measure Wall Flow in Diesel Particulate Filters University of Cambridge SAE 02FFL-24
A Study of the Thermochemical Conditions in the Exhaust Manifold Using Secondary Air in a 2.0L Engine Volkswagen AG & University of Karlsruhe SAE 2002-01-1676
Spark Ignition Engine Hydrocarbon Emissions Behaviors in Stopping and Restarting RWTH-Aachen & MIT SAE 2002-01-2804
Mixture Preparation and Hydrocarbon Emissions Behaviors in the First Cycle of SI Engine Cranking MIT SAE 2002-01-2805
Air-to-fuel Ratio Modulation Experiments over a Pd/Rh Three-way Catalyst University of Cambridge & University of Waterloo SAE 2001-01-3539
Advanced Emission Control Technology utilizing Freedom of Mixing on GDI Engine Mitsubishi Motors Corp. F2000A140, FISITA, Seoul 2000
Improved Three-Way Catalyst Performance Using an Active Bias Control Regeneration System Cambustion Limited & Ford Motor Company SAE 2000-01-0499
Investigation into the Performance of an Ultra-fast Response NO Analyser Equipped with a NO2 to NO Convertor for Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust NOx Measurements Ford Motor Company & Cambustion Limited SAE 2000-01-2954
Fast Response CO2 Sensor for Automotive Exhaust Gas Analysis University of Cambridge & Cambustion Limited SAE 1999-01-3477
Transient Emissions Studies on a Three-Way Catalyst Univ. of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd. and Tsukasa Sokken, Co. Ltd. JSAE 9831982
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
The Fast FID as a Velocimeter for Flow Measurements in an Automotive Catalyst Univ. of Cambridge and Cambustion Ltd. SAE 980879
Model-Based Control and Cylinder Event Based Logic for an Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle Southwest Research Inst. and Modular Systems SAE 970531
Improving the Performance of a Rapid Catalyst Light-Off System Using Hydrocarbon Trapping Catalyst Formulations Ford Motor Company, Cambustion Limited, Johnson Matthey 96EN041 ISATA, Florence June 1996
Fast light-off of under-body catalysts using Exhaust Gas Ignition (EGI) Ford & Cambustion Ltd. SAE 952417
Deterioration of three-way automotive catalysts, Part I - Steady State and Transient Emission of Aged Catalyst Volvo Technological Development SAE 930937
Deterioration of three-way automotive catalysts, Part II - Oxygen Storage Capacity at Exhaust Conditions Volvo Technological Development SAE 930944

Diesel Engine Applications

A New Technique for Residual Gas Estimation and Modeling in Engines Delphi Corp. SAE 2008-01-0093
Diesel soot mass calculation in real-time with a differential mobility spectrometer Cambustion Ltd, University of Cambridge Aerosol Science 38 (2007) 52-68
The effective density and fractal dimension of particles emitted from a light-duty diesel vehicle with a diesel oxidation catalyst University of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd Aerosol Science 38 (2007) 69-82
A NOx Trap Study Using Fast Response Emissions Analysers for Model Validation Coventry University SAE 2006-01-0685
Transient Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Measurement on a Diesel Passenger Car including a DPF Regeneration Event Cambustion Ltd SAE 2006-01-1079
Characterization and Abatement of Diesel Crankcase Emissions West Virginia University SAE 2006-01-3372
A Novel Technique to Measure Wall Flow in Diesel Particulate Filters University of Cambridge SAE 02FFL-24
Investigation into the Performance of an Ultra-fast Response NO Analyser Equipped with a NO2 to NO Convertor for Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust NOx Measurements Ford Motor Company & Cambustion Limited SAE 2000-01-2954
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
A time-resolved measurement technique for particulate number density in diesel exhaust using a fast-response flame ionization detector Nanyang Technological Univ. Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997) 279-286
White smoke emissions under cold starting of diesel engines Wayne State Univ. & US Army Tank Automotive RDE SAE 960249
Real-time measurement of particulate emissions in a turbocharged DI diesel engine Imperial College SAE 922390

Miscellaneous Applications

The Order with Respect to Oxygen and the Activation Energy for the Burning of an Anthracitic Char in O2 in a Fluidised Bed, as measured using a Rapid Analyser for CO and CO2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge 32nd International Symposium on Combustion
Analysis of Stratified Charge Combustion in an Idealized Chamber Chiba Univ. JSAE 9831018
Combustion Enhancement of Very Lean Premixture Part in Stratified Charge Conditions Chiba Univ. and Tokyo Institute of Technology SAE 962087
Flametube studies of wall quench Cambridge Univ. Enigneering Dept. SAE 912375

Particulates

Measurement and dispersion behavior of particles in various size (5 nm>Dp<1000 nm) ranges in a Cambridge Street Canyon Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge 11th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes, Cambridge, UK
Street versus rooftop level concentrations of fine particles in a Cambridge Street Canyon Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 6th International Conference on Urban Air Quality Limassol, Cyprus
Physical Characterization of Aerosol Emissions from a Commercial Gas Turbine Engine Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) Journal of Propulsion and Power (2007), Vol. 23, No. 5, 919-929
Measurement of the Particles in the 5-1000 nm range close to the road level in an urban street canyon Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge Journal-Science of the Total Environment
Particulate Matter: Importance, Regulations and Historical Perspective Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 'Nirmaan', IIT Delhi Civil Engineering Society
The measurement of fine particles for the study of their dispersion and of street-scale air quality Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge UK Atmospheric Aerosol Network (UKAAN) Workshop, University of Reading, Berkshire UK
Diesel soot mass calculation in real-time with a differential mobility spectrometer Cambustion Ltd, University of Cambridge Aerosol Science 38 (2007) 52-68
The effective density and fractal dimension of particles emitted from a light-duty diesel vehicle with a diesel oxidation catalyst University of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd Aerosol Science 38 (2007) 69-82
Potential of Nanoparticle Formation by Vehicles Japan Automobile Research Institute SAE 2006-01-0622
Dynamic Particulate Measurements from a DISI Vehicle: A Comparison of DMS500, ELPI, CPC and PASS University of Oxford, Ford Motor Company and Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen SAE 2006-01-1077
Transient Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Measurement on a Diesel Passenger Car including a DPF Regeneration Event Cambustion Ltd SAE 2006-01-1079
Transient Diesel Emissions: Analysis of Engine Operation During a Tip-In University of Michigan SAE 2006-01-1151
Particle Matter and Hydrocarbon Emissions Measurement: Comparing First and Second Generation DISI with PFI in Single Cylinder Optical Engines University of Oxford and Ford Motor Company SAE 2006-01-1263
Characterization and Abatement of Diesel Crankcase Emissions West Virginia University SAE 2006-01-3372
Measurement of Ultrafine Particle Number Emissions from a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Using SMPS, DMS, ELPI and EEPS Johnson Matthey SAE 2005-24-015
Evaporation of volatile aerosols University of Minnesota, Cambustion Ltd 8th ETH conference on nanoparticles Aug 2004
Charge Distribution produced by unipolar diffusion charging of fie aerosols Cambustion Ltd, University of Cambridge AAAR 2004 poster
Real-time Measurement of Tobacco Smoke Aerosol British American Tobacco Ltd Aerosol Soc 2004 AGM
The Formation of Particles of MgO and BaO in an Oxygen-Rich, Cool Flame Cambridge University (Dept. of Chemical Engineering) Combustion Institute AGM, Churchill College Sept 2004
Mass correlation of engine emissions with spectral instruments University of Minnesota, Cambustion Ltd, Dekati Ltd, Johnson Matthey JSAE 20045462
Real-Time Measurement of Particle Size Distribution From Diesel Engine Equipped With Continuous Regenerative DPF Under a Transient Driving Condition NTSEL SAE 2004-01-1984
GDI measurements with a fast particulate spectrometer Cambustion Ltd, University of Cambridge 7th ETH Conference on nanoparticles Aug 2002
Roadside measurements with a fast particulate spectrometer Cambustion Ltd, Cambridge University, Leeds University JSAE 20035407
Determination of real-time particulate size spectra and emission parameters with a differential mobility spectrometer University of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd, 6th ETH Conference on nanoparticles Aug 2002
Fast response classification of fine aerosols with a differential mobility spectrometer Cambridge University Aerosol Soc 2002 13th AGM
A fast response particulate spectrometer for combustion aerosols University of Cambridge, Cambustion Ltd SAE 2002 01 2714

Publications by Consultants at Cambustion

Transient Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Measurement on a Diesel Passenger Car including a DPF Regeneration Event Cambustion Ltd SAE 2006-01-1079
Measurement of Gasoline Exhaust Hydrogen Emissions Ford Motor Co, Cambustion and Cambridge University Engineering Dept SAE 2004-01-0592
Emissions Implications of a Twin Close-Coupled Catalyst System Designed for Improved Engine Performance on An In- Line, 4-Cylinder Engine Ford Motor Company, Engelhard Corp, cambustion Ltd SAE 2002-01-1092
Transient SI Engine Emissions Measurements on the FTP75 Drive Cycle With a Fast Response CO Instrument Cambustion Ltd SAE 2001-01-0350
Effect of Catalyst Inlet Cone Flow Mal-Distribution on Emissions Performance of a Close-Coupled Catalytic Converter Cambustion Ltd, Ford Motor Company SAE2001-01-1489
Improved Three-Way Catalyst Performance Using an Active Bias Control Regeneration System Cambustion Limited & Ford Motor Company SAE 2000-01-0499
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
Improving the Performance of a Rapid Catalyst Light-Off System Using Hydrocarbon Trapping Catalyst Formulations Ford Motor Company, Cambustion Limited, Johnson Matthey 96EN041 ISATA, Florence June 1996
Turbulence Structure and Decay in a Model I.C. Engine: Effects of Inlet Conditions. M.Y.E. Selim, N. Collings SAE paper 961189 (1996)
Modelling the Transit Time of a Fast Response Flame Ionisation Detector During In-Cylinder Sampling Dr N Collings, Mr T Summers SAE paper 950160
Exhaust Gas Ignition G D Inman with Ford Motor Co. andTickford Ltd SAE paper 952417
An Experimental Investigation of Fuel Transport in a Port Injected Engine Dr N Collings, Mr S Schurov SAE paper 952485
Signal Reconstruction Applied to a Fast Response Flame Ionisation Detector Dr N Collings SAE paper 952541
A Numerical Simulation of Intake Port Phenomena in a Spark Ignition Engine under Cold Starting Conditions Schurov, S.M, Collings, N. SAE paper 941874
Investigation into Crevice Out-Gassing of an Operating SI Engine with a FastFID Dr M Peckham, Dr N Collings SAE paper 932642
In-Cylinder HC Measurements with a Piston- Mounted FID Dr M Peckham, Dr N Collings SAE paper 932643
Catalyst Temperature Sensing for Exhaust Gas Ignition (EGI) N.Collings, T. Ma, D. Ball SAE Transactions paper 930938
Experimental Studies of Preignition in a Four Valve Engine N.Collings, G.D. Goold, G.D.Morris I.Mech.E. Conf., Combustion in Engines, London (1992)
Flame Development in an S.I.Engine Measured by an Infra Red Camera. Zhao, H., Collings, N., Ma. T. I.Mech.E. Conf., Combustion in Engines, London (1992)
Warm up Characteristics of a Catalyst Heated by Exhaust Gas Ignition. N. Collings, T. Ma, T. Hands. I.Mech.E. Conf., Combustion in Engines, London (1992)
Warm up Characteristics of Surface Temperatures in an I.C. Engine Measured by a Thermal Imaging Technique. H. Zhao, N. Collings, T. Ma. SAE paper 920187
Exhaust Gas Ignition (EGI). A new concept for Rapid Light Off of Automotive Catalysts. T. Ma, N.Collings, T. Hands SAE paper 920400
Characteristic of Knock andits Effect on Surface Temperatures. H. Zhao, N.Collings, T. Ma. SAE paper 920515
Study of Engine Wall Layer Hydrocarbons with a Fast Response FID Dr M Peckham, Dr N Collings SAE paper 922237
A Catalytic Oxygen Sensorfor On Board Detection of Misfire and Catalyst Efficiency. W. Cai, N. Collings SAE paper 922248
Chemi Ionization Produced by the Catalytic Combustion of a Hydrocarbon S.D.T. Axford, W. Cai, A.N.Hayhurst, N. Collings Combustion and Flame {87}, pp. 211-216 (1991)
Unburnt Hydrocarbon Measurement by Means of a Surface Ionization Detector. W. Cai, N. Collings SAE paper 910432
Plug Fouling Investigationson a Running Engine An Application of a Novel MultiPurpose Diagnostic System Based on the Spark Plug N.Collings, S. Dinsdale and T.Hands. SAE paper 912318. Also in SAETransactions
Flametube Studies of Wall Quench Dr M Peckham, Dr N Collings SAE paper 912375
Intake Port Phenomena in a Spark Ignition Engine at Part Load M.I.T., Renault, Dr N Collings SAE paper 912401
The Cylinder Head Temperature Measurement by a Thermal Imaging Technique. H.Zhao, N.Collings T. Ma SAE paper 912404. Also in SAETransactions
Measurement of the Spatial Structure of BDC Turbulence in a Model I.C. Engine Using Flying Hot Wires. M.Y.E. Selim, N. Collings SAE paper 912405 (1991)
A New Technique to Study the Response of Catalysts to Transient Conditions Collings, N., Hands, T Commodia 90 Int. Symp. on Diagnostics and Modelling of Combustion Engines, (JSAE)Kyoto, Japan, September 3-5 (1990)
Application of Self Tuning Control into the Diesel Engine Hong, G. - Energy Res.Group,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (1990), SAE Technical Paper Series 900593
In-Cylinder Measurements of Residual Gas Concentration in a Spark Ignition Engine M.I.T. and Collings, N. SAE paper 900485
Design of Diesel Smoke Feedback Control Using a Combination of PI Control Algorithm and Performance Optimization Hong, G. - Energy Res.Group,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February 27 - March 3 (1989), SAETechnical Paper Series 890387
On the Time Delay in Continuous In-Cylinder Sampling from IC Engines M.I.T. and Collings, N. SAE paper 890579
Charged Species in the Exhaust of a Spark Ignition Engine as Studied with Langmuir Probes and a Mass Spectrometer Collings, N., Doyle III, F.J.,Hayhurst, A.N., Kittelson, D.B., Williams, D. Combust. Sci. and Tech. (1988).
Flame Speed Standardisation Between Cylinders by Feedback Control of Individual Fuel Injector Pulse Width Hands, T., Collings, N., Ma, T. I.Mech.E. International Conference on Combustion in Engines Technology and Applications. May 10-12 (1988), London. I.Mech.E. Paper C58/88
Ionization Sensors for Feedback Control of Gasoline Engines Collings, N., Eade, D. I.Mech.E. Seminar of Experimental Methods in Engine Research and Development, March 9-10 (1988), London.
Engine Modelling for Diesel Smoke Feedback Control System Design Hong, G. - Energy Res.Group,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (1990), SAE Technical Paper Series 8890389
Length Scale and TurbulenceIntensity Measurements in a Motored Internal Combustion Engine Dinsdale, S., Roughton, A.W.,Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February 29 March 4 (1988), SAETechnical Paper Series 880380
A New Technique for Measuring HC Concentration in Real Time in a Running Engine Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February 29 March 4 (1988), SAETechnical Paper Series 880517
An improved Technique for Measuring Cyclic Variations in the Hydrocarbon Concentration in an Engine Exhaust Collings, N. with Ford Motor Co. SAE 880316
Diesel Smoke Transient Control Using a Real Time Smoke Sensor Hong, G., Collings, N., Baker, N. International Off Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,September (1987), SAE 871629
Turbulence Length Scale Measurements in a Motored Internal Combustion Engine Collings, N., Roughton, A.W., Ma,T. International Off Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,September (1987), SAE 871692
Cyclically Resolved HC Emissions from a Spark Ignition Engine Collings, N., Willey, J. International Off Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,September (1987), SAE Technical Paper Series 871691
Spatially Resolved Turbulence Measurements in a Motored I.C. Engine Collings, N., Roughton, A.W.,Dinsdale, S. NATO/ASI Instrumentation for Combustion and Flow in Engines, September 14-25 (1987),Vimeiro, Portugal.
Origin of the Response of Electrostatic Particle Probes Kittelson, D.B., Collings, N. SAE 870476
Real Time Smoke Sensor for Diesel Engines Collings, N., Baker, N., Wolber,W.G. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February (1986), SAE 860157
Low Speed Dynamic Similarity Modelling in Internal Combustion Engines Ma, T., Davies, M., Collings, N. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February (1986), SAE 860239
Knock Detection by Means of the Spark Plug Collings, N.,Dinsdale, S., Eade,D. Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February (1986), SAE 860635
Use of In cylinder Ionisation for the Investigation and Control of SparkIgnition Engines Hands, T., Collings, N 23rd ASME Nat. Heat Transfer Conference. Denver, Colorado, August (1985)
A Comparison of Simple Models of Turbulent Droplet Diffusion Suitable for Use in Computations of Spray Flames Ward, P.W., Collings, N., Hay, N. ASME J.Eng. Gas Turbines and Power, No. 3 (1985)
Knock Detection Alternatives for Production Vehicles Collings, N, Ma, T. I.Mech.E. Trans. Eng., I.Mech.E.,(1985)
The Trajectory of Particles Rebounding off Plane Targets Armstrong, D.J., Collings, N.,Shayler, P.J. AIAA, No. 2, pp. 214 218 (1984)
Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Vehicle Exhausts Shayler, P.J., Collings, N. Int. J. of Vehicle Design, No. 1,(1983)
A Multi Purpose Ignition System for Production, Development and Research Collings, N. International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation, Cologne (1983)
Vapour Condensation and Corrosive Attack in Exhaust Systems Shayler, P.J., Collings, N. Int. J. of Vehicle Design, No. 4,(1982)
A Comparison of Two Alternative Models for a Burning Fuel Spray and an Assessment of the Effect of Interphase Slip Ward, P.W.,Collings, N., Hay, N. Proceedings, 19th Int. Symp. on Combustion, Haifa, Israel, August (1982)
Velocity Profiles of Arcs in Longitudinal Flow Collings, N. 7th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gas, Prague (1973)

SI Engine Applications - Exhaust Port Sampling

Cold Engine Transient Fuel Control Experiments In A Port Fuel Injected CFR Engine United States Naval Academy ICEF2007-1696
Simultaneous In-cylinder and Exhaust Cycle Resolved NDIR and FID Experimental Sampling Results during Cranking and Startup in a PFI CFR Engine United States Naval Academy IJER offer
The Analysis of Gasoline Transient Emissions Behaviour Using Fast Response Gas Analysers Cambustion Ltd SAE 2007-26-015
Precombustion Chamber NOx Emission Contribution to an Industrial, Natural Gas Engine The University of Alabama and Colorado State University International Journal of Engine Research. Vol. 7, No. 1, 2006, pp 41-49
Characteristics of transient NO Emissions Based on the First Firing Cycle Analysis of Cold-Start Togji University and Shanghai Jiaotong University SAE 2006-01-1050
Particle Matter and Hydrocarbon Emissions Measurement: Comparing First and Second Generation DISI with PFI in Single Cylinder Optical Engines University of Oxford and Ford Motor Company SAE 2006-01-1263
Measurement of Cycle-by-Cycle AFR using a Fast Response NDIR Analyser for Cold Start Fuelling Calibration Applications Cambustion Ltd SAE 2006-01-1515
Fast NO Measurements in a Two-Stroke Large-Bore Natural-Gas Engine The University of Alabama and Colorado State University ASME Journal for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol 126, No.2, pp 429-441
Analysis of HC Emissions on Single Cylinder During Transient Conditions IFP, PSA and Renault SAE 2004-01-0981
Effect of Intake Cam Phasing on First Cycle Fuel Delivery and HC Emissions in an SI Engine MIT and DaimlerChrysler SAE 2004-01-1852
Effect of Exhaust valve Timing on Gasoline Engine Performance and Hydrocarbon Emissions University of Michigan SAE 2004-01-3053
Mass-Integration of Fast-Response NO Measurements from a Two-Stroke Large-Bore Natural-Gas Engine The University of Alabama and Colorado State University International Journal of Engine Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp.233-248
Cycle to Cycle Variations: Their Influence on Cycle Resolved Gas Temperature and Unburned Hydrocarbons from a Camless Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Volvo Car Corp. & Chalmers University of Technology SAE 2002-01-0110
Modeling and Control of CNG Engines Swiss Federal Institute of Technology SAE 2002-01-1295
Estimation of Air Fuel Ratio of a SI Engine from Exhaust Gas Temperature at Cold Start Condition Daecheon College, Korea Advanced Institute of Scienece and Technology & University of Michigan SAE 2002-01-1667
A Study of the Thermochemical Conditions in the Exhaust Manifold Using Secondary Air in a 2.0L Engine Volkswagen AG & University of Karlsruhe SAE 2002-01-1676
A Model for Residual Gas Fraction Prediction in Spark Ignition Engines PSA/DRIA & LME - Université d’Orléans SAE 2002-01-1735
A Simulation for Gasoline Engine Cold Start Fuel Calibration General Motors Corporation & Wayne State University SAE 2002-01-2802
Mixture Preparation and Hydrocarbon Emissions Behaviors in the First Cycle of SI Engine Cranking MIT SAE 2002-01-2805
Hydrocarbon Emission from Combustion of Mixtures of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Containing Producer Gas in a SI Engine The Technical University of Denmark & National Traffic Safety and Environment Lab., Japan SAE 2001-01-3532
Analysis of UHC Emission from a Natural Gas SI Engine Using Fast Response FID and a Heat Release Model The Technical University of Denmark & National Traffic Safety and Environment Lab., Japan SAE 2001-01-3533
Transient SI Engine Emissions on the FTP75 Drive Cycle with a Fast Response CO Instrument Cambridge University Engineering Department & Cambustion SAE 2001-01-3540
Advanced Emission Control Technology utilizing Freedom of Mixing on GDI Engine Mitsubishi Motors Corp. F2000A140, FISITA, Seoul 2000
Improved Three-Way Catalyst Performance Using an Active Bias Control Regeneration System Cambustion Limited & Ford Motor Company SAE 2000-01-0499
The Study of HC Emission Characteristics and Combustion Stability with Spark Timing Retard at Cold Start in Gasoline Engine Vehicle Hyundai Motor Company SAE 2000-01-1082
Sources of Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Direct Injection Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engine Chalmers University of Technology SAE 2000-01-1906
Throttle Movement Rate Effects on Transient Fuel Compensation in a Port-Fuel-Injected SI Engine MIT SAE 2000-01-1937
Fuel Metering Effects on Hydrocarbon Emissions and Engine Stability during Cranking and Start-up in a Port Fuel Injected Spark Ignition Engine MIT SAE 2000-01-2836
Real Time CO2 Measurement to Determine Transient Intake Gas Composition under EGR Conditions Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. & Cambustion Limited SAE 2000-01-2953
Measurement of particle mass concentration using a tapered-element oscillating microbalance and a flame ionization detector Nanyang Technical University 0957-0233, Meas. Sci. Tech. 1999
An Investigation of Automotive Engine Transients with a New, Fast Response CO2 Sensor Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. & Cambustion Limited 99-28 Combustion Inst. Spring Meeting
Cycle-by-cycle modelling of NO formation and comparison with experimental data Univ. of Oxford & Univ. of Cambridge D00598 ImechE 1999
Investigation of Intake Timing Effects on the Cold Start Behavior of a Spark Ignition Engine Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) SAE 1999-01 3622
Measurement of Residual Gas Fraction using a Fast Response NO Sensor Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 1999-01-0208
Optical Investigations on a Mitsubishi GDI-Engine in the Driving Mode Universitat Karlsruhe SAE 1999-01-0504
Diagnostics for the Study of Cold Start Mixture Preparation in a Port Fuel-Injected Engine Sandia National Laboratories SAE 1999-01-1108
Fast Response CO2 Sensor for Automotive Exhaust Gas Analysis University of Cambridge & Cambustion Limited SAE 1999-01-3477
SI Engine Operation with Retarded Ignition: Part 2 - HC Emissions and Oxidation Ford Research Laboratory SAE 1999-01-3507
Further Experiments on the Effects of in-Cylinder Wall Wetting on HC Emissions from Direct Injection Gasoline Engines Univ. Texas - Austin, SwRI, Ford Motor Co. SAE 1999-01-3661
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
Hydrocarbon Emissions from a HAJI equipped Ultra-Lean Burn SI Engine Univ. of Melbourne SAE 980044
Real Time In-Cylinder and Exhaust NO Measurements in a Production SI Engine Cambustion Ltd. & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 980400
Individual-Cycle Measurements of Exhaust Hydrocarbon Mass from a Direct-Injection Two-Stroke Engine General Motors Research & Development Center SAE 980758
Fast Response NO/HC Measurements in the Cylinder and Exhaust Port of a DI Diesel Engine Cosworth Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge & Cambustion Ltd. SAE 980788
Contribution of Cold and Hot Start Transients In Engine-Out HC Emissions Wayne State Univ. SAE 982645
Analysis of fuel and combustion behaviour during cold starting of SI gasoline engine Toyota Motor Corp. & Nippon Soken Inc. JSAE 9735844
Fuel Injection Strategies to Minimize Cold-Start Emissions Univ. of Kaiserlautern, Michigan State Univ. SAE 970040
Reduced Cold-Start Emissions Using Rapid Exhaust Port Oxidation (REPO) in a Spark-Ignition Engine Southwest Research Institute SAE 970264
Simultaneous Fast Response NO and HC Measurements from a Spark Ignition Engine Cambustion Ltd. & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 971610
Exhaust Valve Seat Leakage Ford Motor Company SAE 971638
The Influence of Mixture Preparation on the HC Concentration Histories from a S.I. Engine Running Under Steady-State Conditions Andres Stihl Co. & General Motors Research & Development Center SAE 972981
Advanced Diagnostics for Minimizing Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine General Motors Research & Development Center 26th Symposium on Combustion, 1996
Extent of oxidation of hydrocarbons desorbing from the lubricant oil layer in spark-ignition engines MIT SAE 960069
Development of a time and space resolved sampling probe diagnostic for engine exhaust hydrocarbons MIT SAE 961002
The Effect of Engine Variables on Hydrocarbon Emissions - An Investigation with Statistical Experiment Design and Fast Response FID Measurements Cosworth Engineering, Univ. College London and Jaguar Cars Ltd. SAE 961951
Evaluation of the Influence of Injector Type in a Four-Valve Engine Imperial College & Peugeot SA SAE 961998
Time-Series Analysis of Pressure Variation Effect on HC Emission in a Two-Stroke Engine Suzuki Motor Corporation & Kobe Univ. Pacific Conference 1995.11.07
In-situ phase-shift measurement of the time-resolved UBHC emissions Wayne State Univ. SAE 950161
Cycle-by-cycle analysis of HC emissions during cold start of gasoline engines Wayne State Univ. & Chrysler SAE 952402
Emissions reduction during warm-up period by incorporating a wall-wetting fuel model on the fuel injection strategy during engine starting Honda Research and Development SAE 952478
The effects of crevices on the engine-out hydrocarbon emission in SI engine Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) SAE 940306
Effect of engine operating variables and piston and ring parameters on crevice hydrocarbon emissions Univ. of Toronto SAE 940480
Novel Experiment on In-Cylinder Desorption of Fuel from the Oil Layer MIT SAE 941963
Measurement of Hydrocarbon Emissions in the Exhaust Port of Spark-Ignition Engines by Means of a Fast Response FID Renault SA 93 EN 039 26th ISATA
Cold start performance of an automotive engine using prevaporized gasoline National Engineering Laboratory, Scotland SAE 930710
Electronic throttle control as an emission reduction device Lotus Engineering SAE 930939
Impact of exhaust valve leakage on engine out hydrocarbons GM NAO Research and Development Center SAE 932752
Characterisation of ignition and parametric study of a two-stroke-cycle direct injected gasoline engine Michigan Technological Univ. SAE 920423
Cycle-to-cycle IMEP fluctuations in a stoichiometrically-fuelled SI engine at low speed and load Chevron Research and Technology SAE 902143
Fast response FID measurements of unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust port of a firing gasoline engine National Engineering Laboratory, Scotland SAE 902165
Combustion characterisation in a direct-injection stratified-charge engine and implications on hydrocarbon emissions Thermosciences Dept., GM Research Laboratories SAE 892058
An Improved Technique for Measuring Cyclic Variations in the Hydrocarbon Concentration in an Engine Exhaust Univ. of Cambridge and Ford Motor Company SAE 880316
Cyclically Resolved HC Emissions from a Spark Ignition Engine Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 871691

SI Engine Applications - In-Cylinder Sampling

A New Technique for Residual Gas Estimation and Modeling in Engines Delphi Corp. SAE 2008-01-0093
Cold Engine Transient Fuel Control Experiments In A Port Fuel Injected CFR Engine United States Naval Academy ICEF2007-1696
Simultaneous In-cylinder and Exhaust Cycle Resolved NDIR and FID Experimental Sampling Results during Cranking and Startup in a PFI CFR Engine United States Naval Academy IJER offer
Effect of Intake Cam Phasing on First Cycle Fuel Delivery and HC Emissions in an SI Engine MIT and DaimlerChrysler SAE 2004-01-1852
Use of Advanced Tools for the Analysis of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines Institut Francais du Petrole Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP, Vol. 58 (2003)
Modeling and Control of CNG Engines Swiss Federal Institute of Technology SAE 2002-01-1295
A Comparison of Transient Air-Fuel Measurement Techniques University of Connecticut SAE 2002-01-2753
Mixture Preparation and Hydrocarbon Emissions Behaviors in the First Cycle of SI Engine Cranking MIT SAE 2002-01-2805
Hydrocarbon Emission from Combustion of Mixtures of Natural Gas and Hydrogen Containing Producer Gas in a SI Engine The Technical University of Denmark & National Traffic Safety and Environment Lab., Japan SAE 2001-01-3532
Analysis of UHC Emission from a Natural Gas SI Engine Using Fast Response FID and a Heat Release Model The Technical University of Denmark & National Traffic Safety and Environment Lab., Japan SAE 2001-01-3533
Effects of Fuel Properties on the Mixture Formation under the Stratified-Charge Combustion Condition of Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine University of Tokyo SAE 2001-01-3590
Advanced Tools for Analysis of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines Institut Francais du Petrole SAE 2000-01-1903
Throttle Movement Rate Effects on Transient Fuel Compensation in a Port-Fuel-Injected SI Engine MIT SAE 2000-01-1937
Fuel Metering Effects on Hydrocarbon Emissions and Engine Stability during Cranking and Start-up in a Port Fuel Injected Spark Ignition Engine MIT SAE 2000-01-2836
Fast response HC measurement for DI gasoline engine development Rover Group C575/015/99 IMechE 1999
Mixture Formation of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine - In Cylinder Gas Sampling Using Fast Response Ionization Detector Mazda Motor Corporation JSAE 9930063
Analysis of Mixture Formation of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine Nippon Soken, Inc. and Toyota Motor Corp. JSAE 9930072
Measurement of Residual Gas Fraction using a Fast Response NO Sensor Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 1999-01-0208
Characteristics of Mixture Formation in a Direct Injection SI Engine with Optimised In-cylinder Swirl Air Motion Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. SAE 1999-01-0505
Instantaneous In-Cylinder Hydrocarbon Concentration Measurement during the Post-Flame Period in an SI Engine Uni. Of Toronto SAE 1999-01-3538
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
Hydrocarbon Emissions from a HAJI equipped Ultra-Lean Burn SI Engine Univ. of Melbourne SAE 980044
Analysis of Mixture Formation of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine Nippon Soken, Inc. and Toyota Motor Corp. SAE 980157
Real Time In-Cylinder and Exhaust NO Measurements in a Production SI Engine Cambustion Ltd. & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 980400
Fast Response NO/HC Measurements in the Cylinder and Exhaust Port of a DI Diesel Engine Cosworth Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge & Cambustion Ltd. SAE 980788
Measurements of HC Concentration Near Spark Plug and Its Effects on Combustion Ajou Univ. and IAE SAE 981431
Flame Propagation Variation Due to Insufficient HC Concentration Suzuki Motor Corp. and Kobe Univ. SAE 982565
Cyclic Variation in HC Concentration near the Spark Plug in a Two-Stroke Engine Suzuki Motor Corp. and Kobe Univ. JSAE 9734421 (SAE 972109)
Charge Stratification in a 4-Valve SI Engine Through Injection Into One Intake Port with Induced Axial Swirl Within the Cylinder Univ. College London and Ford Motor Company SAE 972875
On the causes of in-cylinder air-fuel ratio excursions during load and fuelling transients in port-injected spark-ignition engines Brunel Univ. SAE 960466
Validation tests for a fast response flame ionisation detector for in-cylinder sampling near the spark plug Univ. of Toronto SAE 961201
Evaluation of Different Natural Gas Fueling Strategies During Throttle Transients Univ. of Toronto SAE 961985
Mixture Preparation Measurements Southwest Research Institute SAE 950069
Modelling the transit time of a fast FID during in-cylinder sampling Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 950160
Visualisation of mixture preparation in a port fuel engine during engine warm-up MIT SAE 952481
Signal Reconstruction Applied to a Fast Response Flame Ionisation Detector Univ. of Cambridge SAE 952541
In-cylinder mixture excursions in a port injected engine during fast throttle-openings Brunel Univ. SAE 940382
A model for predicting residual gas fraction in spark ignition engines MIT SAE 931025
Investigation into crevice out gassing of an operating SI engine with a fast FID Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 932642
In-cylinder HC measurements with a piston mounted FID Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 932643
Mixture preparation in a SI engine with port fuel injection during starting and warm-up MIT SAE 922170
Study of engine wall layer hydrocarbons with a fast response FID Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 922237
In-cylinder measurements of charge inhomogeneity in a spark ignition engine Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. SAE 900484
In-cylinder measurements of residual gas concentration in a spark ignition engine MIT SAE 900485
On the time delay in continuous in-cylinder sampling from IC engines MIT SAE 890579

SI Engine Applications - Intake Port Sampling

Intake Manifold Burned Gas Backflow Measurements University of Cambridge & Cambustion Limited JSAE 20015302
Real Time CO2 Measurement to Determine Transient Intake Gas Composition under EGR Conditions Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. & Cambustion Limited SAE 2000-01-2953
The Fast-Response Flame Ionization Detector MIT & Cambridge Univ. Engineering Dept. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. - Vol. 24, pp 89-124,1998
Time Resolved Measurement of Cold Start HC Concentration Using the Fast FID Univ. of Cambridge SAE 961926
An experimental investigation of fuel transport in a port injected engine Univ. of Cambridge SAE 952485
Intake port phenomena in a spark ignition engine at part load MIT SAE 912401

Two-Stroke Engine Applications

Fast NO Measurements in a Two-Stroke Large-Bore Natural-Gas Engine The University of Alabama and Colorado State University ASME Journal for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol 126, No.2, pp 429-441
Mass-Integration of Fast-Response NO Measurements from a Two-Stroke Large-Bore Natural-Gas Engine The University of Alabama and Colorado State University International Journal of Engine Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp.233-248
Individual-Cycle Measurements of Exhaust Hydrocarbon Mass from a Direct-Injection Two-Stroke Engine General Motors Research & Development Center SAE 980758
Cyclic Variation in HC Concentration near the Spark Plug in a Two-Stroke Engine Suzuki Motor Corp. and Kobe Univ. JSAE 9734421 (SAE 972109)
Advanced Diagnostics for Minimizing Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine General Motors Research & Development Center 26th Symposium on Combustion, 1996
Time-Series Analysis of Pressure Variation Effect on HC Emission in a Two-Stroke Engine Suzuki Motor Corporation & Kobe Univ. Pacific Conference 1995.11.07
Characterisation of ignition and parametric study of a two-stroke-cycle direct injected gasoline engine Michigan Technological Univ. SAE 920423
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